What to study: how to choose your course

What do you want to be when you grow up? It’s a fun question to answer when you are a toddler — superhero, ballerina, astronaut — but as a teenager the question starts to come with baggage: thoughts of career prospects and intellectual fulfilment and the hopes and fears of parents are all in play.
By the time Ucas application forms are in sight, sixth-formers will have selected A-levels or Higher and Advanced Higher subjects already. Figuring out what and where to study it is the next decision, but it is a big one.Choice at this stage can feel overwhelming. There are about 32,000 undergraduate degrees available, from agriculture to art history, ethical hacking to zoology. You can apply to five courses in the same year of entry, at different universities or all at the same university if you wish (though few do). Maybe the subject you choose is one you haven’t studied before, or maybe it is something you’ve been learning since you started school. Applicants should be inspired and passionate, but realistic.
This is where we come in. We’re here to help you. We’ve asked leading academics across the UK to answer another big question: why should you study their subject? The responses are stimulating, motivating and will help you to understand what it is like to deepen your knowledge, and what skills and careers a subject can lead to. Even better, each expert has offered a top tip to help aspiring undergraduates to enhance their application.
It’s a comprehensive guide, think dissertation rather than essay, so we recommend saving this article so you can keep referring back for inspiration.
• League tables, profiles and more: explore the Good University Guide 2025
View the best universities“Decisions based on financial knowledge impact our social, political, economic and physical environment. There is probably no other form of information that affects people, organisations, nations and economies more than accounting and finance. Most exciting right now is that the field is seeing the biggest business transformation ever witnessed, with newly emerging accountability systems, novel asset classes and financial innovations, and disruptive AI-based digital technologies changing the form and way financial information is used. The field is no longer about just debits and credits, cost of capital determination or investment return calculations — it’s about shaping tomorrow through insightful decision-making today.”Top tip Read The Times and The Sunday Times (we offer a student subscription) and The Financial Times and work out how the headline might affect your life; watch Michael Saylor’s Bitcoin 2024 keynote speech (youtube.com). Read Financial Management for Technology Start-ups by Alnoor Bhimani and develop a financial pitch you might make as a start-up founder.Alnoor Bhimani, professor of management accounting and director of the South Asia Centre, London School of Economics
View the best universities“Great engineers are great problem-solvers, passionate about finding solutions to our most daunting societal problems. Our graduates will develop new ways of generating power from wind and waves; reduce the carbon emissions of our air travel through the introduction of electric and hydrogen-powered aircraft; help protect vulnerable communities worldwide from rising sea levels; and deploy AI to improve recycling of precious raw materials. Challenges at this scale can only be solved by talented individuals and strong team players, including end-users and experts from outside engineering.” Top tip Strong maths skills are important and an awareness of AI methods is increasingly useful, but never forget that engineering always impacts society, so an understanding of global politics, the environment, and relevant law and regulation is just as valuable. Further reading: thisisengineering.org.ukProfessor Ian Craddock, head of the School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering, University of Bristol
View the best universities“Agriculture — and its many related disciplines — involves tackling biological, chemical and physical challenges alongside logistical and economic constraints. You’ll develop both engineered and natural solutions to the greatest challenge to our habitation of planet Earth: how we sustainably feed our growing population while protecting our environment. The scientific evidence is unequivocal: we have exceeded our planetary boundaries in terms of climate change, biodiversity loss and natural nutrient cycles.”Top tip We only have a short time in which to put it right — but don’t give in to despair. Be part of the solution and together we can make a difference.Professor Michael Lee, deputy vice-chancellor, Harper Adams University
View the best universities“American studies is an exciting degree that combines disciplines such as history, politics and literature to help you understand one of the globe’s most important and diverse regions. Covering the United States, Latin America and the Caribbean, learning about the Americas helps you to understand key global challenges such as inequality, climate crisis, international security and migration. When you graduate, the degree sets you up for a range of careers, working at home and abroad, in business, government, the civil service, NGOs and charities or education.”Top tip listen to the podcasts Under the Shadow, by the North American Congress on Latin America (Nacla), and We Didn’t Start the Fire by Crowd Network, and watch The 1619 Project documentary mini-series.Dr Nick Witham, associate professor of United States history and head of the Institute of the Americas, UCL
View the best universities“Anatomy and physiology, or related degrees, involve studying the structure and function of the human body, covering molecular and cellular mechanisms. You will learn how the body works and how it can adapt to different stimuli, as well as how the human body differs between individuals and changes over its lifespan. Anatomy and physiology provides good grounding for careers in relevant research, clinical scientist roles or scientific or medical information, marketing or sales.”Top tip Go to open days and look at websites to find the degree that interests you, because courses with similar names may differ across institutions.Dr Katherine Brooke-Wavell, senior lecturer in human biology, Loughborough University
View the best universities“Studying animal science is crucial for addressing major global challenges in agriculture, conservation and public health. Animal scientists develop specialist knowledge in animal physiology, behaviour and welfare, which is critical for sustainable farming, wildlife preservation and understanding zoonotic diseases. They play a vital role in improving livestock productivity, developing humane animal management practices and ensuring food security. Animal science also provides training in many transferable skills that employers look for, such as the ability to understand and explain complex ideas; data analysis; report writing; and delivering effective presentations.Top tip Check out the Animal Behaviour Live YouTube channel.Dr Beth Nicholls, senior research fellow in ecology and evolution at the School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex
View the best universities“Anthropology studies what it means to be human in today’s world and tackles important issues affecting societies globally. Aiming to analyse people’s interactions in their own terms, anthropologists investigate a range of exciting fields, such as religion, gender, kinship, geopolitics and security, climate change and sustainability, robotics and AI, migration, human rights, social media, health, capitalism, and indigenous activism. By developing critical and flexible thinking, anthropology students explore stimulating subjects they did not know about, or specialise in topics they are already passionate about, leading to excellent opportunities of employment.”Top tip Listen to The Familiar Strange podcast.Dr Diana Ibañez-Tirado, senior lecturer in social anthropology, University of Sussex
View the best universities“Archaeology and forensic sciences involves geophysics, drones, analytical chemistry, CT scanning, the use of augmented and virtual reality to present and analyse data, and an array of scientific and humanities research approaches, leading to multiple career pathways, from teaching and museums to specialist roles in crime scene investigation and more. Archaeology and heritage isn’t just about the past; this is an exciting, evolving field in which skills traditionally used to uncover historical secrets are increasingly being applied to help us better understand our present and future.”Top tip Check out the Council for British Archaeology (archaeology.org) for a general introduction, and the Virtual Bradford project to see the ways modern archaeology will impact all our lives.Karina Croucher, professor of archaeology, heritage and wellbeing, and academic lead for Bradford 2025 City of Culture, University of Bradford
View the best universities“This is a deeply interdisciplinary subject, combining humanities, arts, social sciences and technology. Half of your time at university is spent drawing, making and researching through design. Architects bring people together to solve problems through space, which is why they have such an important role to play in addressing societal and environmental challenges. Whether or not you decide to be an architect — it is a tough and often poorly paid profession — a degree in architecture will set you up with a range of transferable skills, allowing you to pivot into a variety of jobs.”Top tip Sketch and analyse buildings around you every day and be ready to talk about the architecture you like. Follow Dezeen, an online architecture, interiors and design magazine, on social media and check out the A is for Architecture podcast series.Professor Flora Samuel, head of the Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge
View the best universities“The creative industries, which include art and design, are an important part of the British economy. They stand at the forefront of innovation. You will develop transferable skills that are sought after by businesses, including creative problem solving, adaptability and collaboration. Advancements in technology mean it’s an exciting time for students and graduates to explore arts in a digital context.”Top tip Listen to the podcast It’s Nice That, which features interviews with some of the world’s leading designers, artists, photographers and creative directors.Mandy Ure, dean of the Kingston School of Art, Kingston University
View the best universities“Biomedical engineering is one of the most applied branches of engineering, addressing socially linked problems and diverse people. This diversity makes our work exciting and involves projects with patients, clinicians and engineers from various fields. It’s about developing and using technology to enhance human health and improve quality of life. We apply maths and physics in context, bringing everything together in a practical way. We measure human signals to better understand the body, focusing on preventing and curing diseases, healthy ageing, and enhancing human potential.”Top tip Listen to Hugh Herr’s Ted talks (ted.com) about bionics. He shows how biomedical engineering can transform lives by blending biology, medicine and engineering to redefine human abilities.Dr Markus Pakleppa, senior lecturer in biomedical engineering, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee
View the best universities“This is a broad degree that unlocks the mysteries of all living things, from microbes and plants to animals and humans. It offers a solid foundation on the living world and essential skills sought by employers in addition to exploring areas of biology that interest you. Biology underpins many exciting careers in areas such as preventing and treating diseases, developing biotechnology, and protecting endangered species. The possibilities are endless! By studying biological sciences you will gain knowledge and expertise to make a real and lasting impact on the world.”Top tip Check out the Royal Society of Biology’s A to Z of the biosciences (rsb.org.uk).Dr Tara Pirie, lecturer in ecology and conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey
View the best universities“Buildings, like people, have their own unique characteristics and quirks. Our lives are deeply intertwined with the experiences we have in any building we enter: homes, schools, universities, shopping centres, offices, hospitals, airports and so on. Given the way buildings impact our lives every day, choosing to study a subject within ‘building’ will mean a career that has the potential to profoundly change our society for the better. You’ll master the art and science of constructing buildings that make people happy and healthy, and, importantly, are inclusive and sustainable.”Top tip Listen to the About Buildings + Cities podcast, which explores architectural history and culture.Dr Chaitali Basu, associate director of digital construction, University of the West of England
View the best universities“There are more than 5.5 million private-sector businesses in the UK, which offer four out of five jobs, so it’s no wonder that business and management graduates are in demand. A degree in these subjects provides knowledge and skills that are specific to core careers in important industries, such as banking, finance, consumer goods, accounting and consulting. It also prepares students to succeed in a range of managerial and support roles in any organisation, including in the public and non-profit sectors. And it can provide the perfect launching pad for young entrepreneurs to start their own business.”Top tip Think about the type of role you may enjoy as a career, then watch a ‘day in the life’ video or get in touch with someone who is in the role to ask to shadow them for an afternoon.Juan López-Cotarelo, associate professor in the Organisation and Human Resource Management group, University of Warwick
View the best universities“Students of Celtic studies explore a huge range of topics, including history, mythology and folklore, modern literature or linguistics, and contemporary struggles for the revitalisation of languages such as Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Irish. A key part of a degree in this subject is, of course, studying Celtic languages; most students become fluent in at least one of the modern languages and so achieve all the cultural, social, cognitive and economic benefits that multilingualism entails.”Top tip Check out the Association of Celtic Students (celticstudents.blogspot.com), which has a great podcast, blog and annual conference. You can get an introduction to several of the Celtic languages on apps such as Duolingo.Dr Ben Ó Ceallaigh, lecturer in Welsh and Celtic studies, Aberystwyth University
View the best universities“Chemical engineers play a vital role in the world as problem solvers and inventors. Our chemical engineers are working on research that includes developing new materials to store carbon from the atmosphere and using waste from whisky distilling and other industries to produce green hydrogen, a type of sustainable fuel. We also work in human health, developing nanomaterials to test for disease, for example, and designing processes to scale up vaccines.”Top tip Read the author and chemical engineer Fiona Erskine’s detective novels.Dr Farnaz Mohsenpour, global head of chemical and process engineering, Heriot-Watt University
View the best universities“Chemistry is at the heart of everything we interact with, from what we see, touch, smell and taste to developing the technology that you’re reading this on now. Quite simply, chemistry changes lives and challenges opinions. Studying it is the gateway to careers in healthcare, environment and food security, or driving future developments in sustainable technologies and materials. As you learn about the building blocks of matter that make up our world you will develop your own skill building blocks of problem solving, teamwork, communication and applying your knowledge to a broad range of challenges.”Top tip The website Compound Interest (compoundchem.com) is handy for revision and publishes daily, weekly and event-themed infographics detailing the chemistry behind things — for example, what the Paris 2024 Olympic medals are made of. Also take a look at the Royal Society of Chemistry (edu.rsc.org).Dr Kate Nicholson, deputy head of applied sciences, Northumbria University
View the best universities“What could be more fulfilling than helping to solve some of the greatest challenges facing our world? Civil engineers are integral to the provision of everything from clean air and water to renewable energy and carbon reduction, alongside better-known infrastructure elements such as bridges, buildings, flood defences, transport and urban planning. The pandemic demonstrated the importance of public health engineering, with engineers playing a crucial role in understanding and tackling the spread of Covid. Civil engineering can lead to a diverse range of careers as well as provide the knowledge and practical skills to tackle some of the planet’s most complex problems.”Top tip Read more on the Institution of Civil Engineers website (ice.org.uk).Professor Carlo Prato, head of the School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds
View the best universities“A degree in any classical subject allows you to revel in a seminal 1,500 years of literature, drama, myth, religion, philosophy, science, medicine, inventions, history, propaganda, art, architecture and archaeological sites. Romans and Greeks built beautiful cities from northern England to Afghanistan, Ukraine to Algeria. Their cultural legacy marked the human race indelibly. Almost all classics departments welcome students with qualifications in any subject and make language study optional. Employers will love you; my former students run museums, civil service departments, schools, pop groups, theatres, banks, advertising agencies, and travel, data analysis and broadcasting companies. One is now an MP.”Top tip Watch Five Reasons Why Classical Civilisation MattersProfessor Edith Hall, Department of Classics and Ancient History, University of Durham
View the best universities“Why wouldn’t you take media and communication seriously? The media is vital to the conduct and framing of national and global politics. As citizens and consumers we navigate an ever more complex, high-choice communication environment. The creative and cultural industries are of immense economic value, but it’s not just about the money. There is so much in popular culture that deserves to be valued and analysed. Media and communication programmes offer an exciting interdisciplinary field of study that puts you at the heart of these critical debates.”Top tip Read the latest report by the British Academy on the value of media and communication degrees in the UK (thebritishacademy.ac.uk).Professor David Deacon, head of the Department of Communication and Media, Loughborough University
View the best universities“You will learn the skills and knowledge for systematic problem solving. The subject area has broad foundations in maths, computing, ethics, science and engineering, with diverse applications that involve cybersecurity, machine learning, artificial intelligence and software engineering. Computer scientists have provided the digital systems at the heart of everything we do, driven the technology sector providing the basis for almost every trillion-dollar company to emerge over the past decade and, in the near future, will be at the helm of the next industrial revolution, driven by AI.”Top tip Make sure your mathematical skills are up to scratch, keep informed about exciting news related to technology and data science, and start experimenting with new computing technologies at home. Tom Curtin, industrial liaison officer, Department of Computing, Imperial College London
“Cybersecurity is a global issue that touches every nation and almost every business, and is a vital growth industry for the UK. Developing the right skills, knowledge and culture is a core strand of the government’s strategy, and as technologies such as AI advance there’s never been a greater need to train the next generation of cybersecurity professionals. Students can expect to learn important skills ranging from how illegal hacks can be minimised to developing effective countermeasures and understanding how to communicate security plans effectively and professionally.”Top tip Developing strong skills in maths or computer science is a great start. Check out the National Cyber Security Centre website (ncsc.gov.uk), No Starch Press (nostarch.com) and the Darknet Diaries podcast (darknetdiaries.com).Dr Natalie Coull, head of the Division of Cybersecurity, Abertay University
View the best universities“Criminology engages with one of society’s most complex and enduring challenges: crime. What is crime? Why does it occur? And what are the best ways to address it? Considering these questions, you will learn about criminological theory, the roles of criminal justice agencies and the impact of crimes on victims and communities. Covering topics as diverse as policing, prisons and youth justice, you will encounter a wide range of perspectives while reflecting on your own. The critical thinking, analytical and communication skills you will develop are well suited to roles within the criminal justice sector and beyond.”Top tip Read the British Society of Criminology’s blog to find out more about issues related to crime, criminology and criminal justice (thebscblog.wordpress.com). Dr Donna Marie Brown, associate professor in criminology, Durham University
View the best universities‘‘Creative writing provides an opportunity to study literature by creating your own work. You’ll learn to read and write with attention to themes and ideas and an eye on technique, structure and more. You will create work that interacts with the world around you, exploring and understanding yourself and other people. You will become confident in using language carefully and precisely, and skilled in artistic expression. It is a vital communication tool for work and general life.”Top tip Read the works of as many writers as you can. The first step to writing is to imitate and understand the writers you admire the most.Dr Douglas Cowie, senior lecturer in the Department of English, Royal Holloway, University of London
View the best universities“Dentistry is often described as both an art and a science. With growing evidence linking oral and general health, a sound understanding of biological sciences — in addition to practical skills — is essential to diagnose and manage dental conditions. Patient care is also central to teaching and learning, and students spend increasing time with patients as their course progresses, developing empathy. With the government committing to tackle NHS shortages, studying dentistry offers considerable potential to deliver a hugely varied and rewarding career, with a wide range of employment options.”Top tip Reading editorials in Dental Update and the British Dental Journal will keep you abreast of news and developments.Professor Ewen McColl, head of the Peninsula Dental School, University of Plymouth
View the best universities“Whether it’s on stage, screen or radio, in spaces and on platforms old and new, drama has enabled cultures, communities and individuals to represent and share their hopes, fears and desires. Studying the subject enhances your understanding of how dramatic works bring societies together, but can also drive us apart. Whose stories are told and why? You’ll analyse practitioners and the historical contexts that shape their use of colour, light and sound, space, movement and language. You’ll learn about the possibilities of drama and how it can impact and transform people’s lives. The course opens up a wide range of careers in the creative arts and beyond.”Top tip Keep a diary of the productions you watch or listen to, jotting down moments and uses of set design, colour, sound, music, dialogue and gesture etc that stood out for you, to heighten your powers of perception.Dr David Butler, drama and film studies, University of Manchester
View the best universities“South Asian studies gives access to the long history and diverse culture of the region comprising today’s countries (or nations) of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka. Students learn about the events that have shaped the so-called ‘subcontinent’ over three millennia and resonated well beyond its boundaries, such as the composition of the Vedas to the rise of Hinduism and Buddhism; the early development of intellectual traditions in fields such as philosophy, linguistics and mathematics; the spread of Islam and the rise of the Persianate culture; the ‘encounter’ with the Europeans and the experience of colonialism; and the fight for independence up to the emergence of India as an economic and political powerhouse on the global scene. This is supported by the study of one or several languages, such as Sanskrit and Pali for the pre-modern period and Hindi, Urdu and Tamil for the modern period.”Top tip Read The Argumentative Indian by Amartya Sen.Dr Vincenzo Vergiani, professor of Sanskrit, Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Cambridge
View the best universities“An economics degree is rigorous and highly applicable to the real world, equipping students with the skills to analyse the important issues of our time. From big concepts such as inflation, unemployment, climate change, poverty and wealth inequality to individual-level decision-making behaviour, economists use theory and data analysis to understand how people behave and interact, and design policies to foster positive change. Critical thinking, data analysis and coding skills make graduates desirable across a range of sectors. Opportunities include roles in government, consulting, tech companies and finance.”Top tip Economics and economists are often misunderstood — watch Professor Oriana Bandiera’s 2018 Royal Economic Society lecture, What Economists Really Do. Also, become comfortable with mathematics because it’s used extensively in economics.Dr Michael Gmeiner and Professor Dimitra Petropoulou, Department of Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
View the best universities“Informed by cutting-edge research, policy and practice and supported by the latest learning technologies, you will be empowered to implement change and transform people’s lives for the better. What can we do to improve how they learn? How can we overcome the many educational barriers young people face? How can we use educational, sociological and psychological research to make a positive impact on their lives?”Top tip Find the recommended reading lists and start training yourself to analyse the literature critically, noting down your key questions as you read. And volunteer with young people.Dr Trevor Grimshaw, Dr Ioannis Costas Batlle and Dr Sam Carr, Department of Education, University of Bath
View the best universities“Electrical and electronic engineering is pivotal to modern innovation, driving advancements in renewable energy, telecommunications and electric vehicles. Students gain cutting-edge knowledge and hands-on experience in these fields, as well as problem-solving skills and a strong foundation in maths and physics, preparing them to tackle global challenges.”Top tip Get your hands dirty and don’t be afraid to fail.Dr Mohamed K Darwish, course director for MSC in advanced electronic and electrical engineering, and Dr Konstantinos Banitsas, lecturer and researcher, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University
View the best universities“Language is the most miraculous and, for us, the most consequential ability life on Earth has produced. It shapes our experience of the world, carries our histories and cultures, and fuels our creativity. An English degree offers a unique opportunity for you to engage with the rich global heritage of creativity in the English language and to enhance your own linguistic, critical and creative abilities. The skills and knowledge you will acquire are so fundamental, they will prepare you not just for any career but for any future you care to make for yourself.”Top tip Read Odysseus Abroad by Amit Chaudhuri and visit his website, literaryactivism.com.Professor Peter D McDonald, tutor in English, St Hugh’s College, University of Oxford
View the best universities“We live in a world where half the population is affected by malnutrition and the other half by dietary excess. Never has there been a more critical time for our global society to comprehend the importance of what we feed our bodies and how nutrients (fat, protein, vitamins and minerals etc) affect our short and long-term health. Understanding our human metabolic demands for nutrients and improving health through optimal, safe and appropriate food is exactly what is studied in the subject areas of nutrition science and food science.”Top tip Ensure that courses are approved by the accrediting bodies — for nutrition science degrees it is the Association for Nutrition (associationfornutrition.org); for food science degrees it’s the Institute of Food Science and Technology (ifst.org). Professor Susan Lanham-New, head of the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey
View the best universities“Studying French allows students to become fluent users of a world language while training them to engage, communicate and interact with people from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds — a vital skill in the 21st century. Students will be challenged to engage with various aspects of Francophone cultures and history, such as world-changing revolutionary ideas, genre-bending literature and groundbreaking cinema. By developing linguistic proficiency and critical-thinking skills in tandem, this unique combination of analytic, transcultural and communicative competencies ensures that French students are highly sought-after graduates.”Top tip Find something that piques your interest (culture, sports, history, music etc) and then listen, watch or read about it in French. For podcasts, check out the Radio France app (radiofrance.fr), and join the more than 70 million people who have watched Lupin on Netflix.Dr Angela O’Flaherty, lecturer in French, Department of Language and Linguistic Science, University of York
View the best universities“Are you fascinated with finding out how nature works -— and how people interact with it? Geography and environmental science helps to find patterns and make sense of the mess. Most of the biggest issues the world faces, like climate change, biodiversity loss or war, need both human and physical solutions, which is why geographers see the world in this way. If you care about the future of the planet, don’t underestimate the power of your own choices. Wherever you study, demand that your university genuinely goes green. How, where and why you study is as important as the subject you choose.”Top tip Brush up on the latest climate science with Dr Gilbz. Or just put down your phone and look at the world around you. If you’re curious about what’s there, geography is for you.Dr Hannah Cloke, professor of hydrology, University of Reading
View the best universities“General engineering offers a unique and broad foundation in engineering principles, allowing students to explore a wide range of disciplines before specialising. This approach equips graduates with versatile problem-solving skills and a holistic understanding of engineering, making them highly adaptable and sought-after. By engaging with cutting-edge research and innovative projects, students gain hands-on experience and a competitive edge in the job market.”Top tip Stay curious and open-minded; embrace the variety of subjects on offer to help you make an informed decision when choosing your specialism. Dr Andy Nichols, general engineering course director, University of Sheffield
View the best universities“Have you ever wondered where the sea came from? Or the minerals in a mobile phone? Or whether climate change is real? Looking back in deep time then using reconstructions to make the future is what geologists do best. Geology is practical: discover your own fossil and mineral collection and make friends for life in small classes. Or, it’s mathematical: for example, computer simulations of mining heat, and future climates. Relevant jobs in the UK and worldwide are in natural resources, energy supply, environmental protection, planetary exploration, and local and national government.”Top tip Geologists just love explaining their subject — listen at geolsoc.org.uk/podcasts.Professor Stuart Haszeldine, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh
View the best universities“Germany is the UK’s biggest trading partner after the US and as such, German, which is spoken by millions worldwide, has been identified by the British Council as one of the five languages consistently most important to the UK’s strategic interests. But there is far more to a German degree than language skills: it enables you to become a critical thinker and a specialist in German-language culture, history and society. Through this you also develop intercultural competence, which unlocks worlds beyond the German-speaking countries.”Top tip Head to Deutsche Welle (learngerman.dw.com) or the Goethe-Institut (goethe.de) to practise your language skills, and learn more about Germany by listening to the BBC Radio 4 programme Germany: Memories of a Nation (bbc.co.uk).Dr Mark Allinson, Dr Anna Havinga and Dr Benedict Schofield, Department of German, University of Bristol
View the best universities“There are so many good reasons to study history. First, learning how to handle, evaluate and understand complex sources is an important skill in its own right. Second, these days it is possible to investigate the past in ways that have never been possible before — from using climate archives and genomics to studying bone isotopes and big data. Third, approaches to history are more global and inclusive than they have ever been, which means there are wonderful questions to ask and answer. One of my favourite things is waking up every day knowing I am going to learn something new.”Top tip For podcasts, I’d recommend one I do with Afua Hirsch called Legacy. You also can’t go wrong with You’re Dead to Me, History Hit, This Is History, Not Just the Tudors, and The Rest Is History. Peter Frankopan, professor of global history, University of Oxford, and Unesco professor of Silk Roads studies, University of Cambridge
View the best universities“Art history matters because art matters. Great works of art offer profound distillations of the human experience; they help us to understand our relationship with the world and with one another. If you study art history you will be given the tools to analyse all kinds of art across all kinds of cultures. Art history will also provide you with the means to decipher the crowded visual environments we navigate every day. Finally, it gives you skills — of analysis, argument, presentation and collaboration — that will enable you to flourish in a wide variety of professions. Go for it!”Top tip Travel to your local gallery and spend half an hour or more looking at your favourite work. You’ll be amazed at what you discover just by looking and thinking.Professor Mark Hallett, Märit Rausing director, Courtauld Institute of Art
View the best universities“Studying tourism takes a multidisciplinary perspective and equips students with a range of core skills, such as planning, logistics and marketing, while encouraging entrepreneurialism and leadership. As the industry evolves, it is often at the forefront of adopting new technologies (particularly relating to issues of sustainability), new trends and taking on the challenge of creating innovative and impactful experiences. Students learn to do this through practical assessments embedded at every stage of their degree, so they can hit the ground running when they embark on a career.”Top tip Gain hands-on experience by volunteering at local events and hospitality venues, and stay on top of industry trends through resources such as Travelperk (travelperk.com), Visit Britain (visitbritain.org) and Hospitality Net (hospitalitynet.org).Dr Laura Dixon, principal lecturer, events management and international tourism management, Liverpool John Moores University
View the best universities“Studying Iberian languages (the languages of Spain and/or Portugal) allows students to communicate fluently in two major global languages, which means graduates can work across the world. It also introduces students to cultures that have a significant impact on our own — for example, through the music of Rosalía or Bad Bunny and TV shows such as Money Heist. Students think critically about big questions affecting us all, from how the climate crisis is being addressed in different contexts to how sexes, genders and sexualities are thought about in diverse ways in other cultures. Studying a language and the cultures associated with it allows you to experience the world in a distinctive way.”Top tip Follow social media accounts that are in the language you want to learn, related to what interests you. Also, get into the habit of watching TV series in another language to develop both your language skills and your critical awareness of cultures.Dr Eamon McCarthy, senior lecturer in Spanish and Latin American studies, University of Stirling
View the best universities“We focus on developing independent thinkers and creative problem-solvers, providing a vibrant, diverse community that fosters personal and professional growth. Students are equipped with cutting-edge knowledge that is supported by the latest research in innovation and entrepreneurship. With a curriculum that includes real-world projects and hands-on experience, graduates are ready to succeed in diverse sectors.”Top tip Read publications such as the Harvard Business Review and MIT Technology Review.Edyta Kostanek, deputy programme director for BSc information management for business, UCL
View the best universities“Studying Italian will provide you with a plurilingual, intercultural mindset. You will become fluent in the language of a vibrant, top-ten world economy, the lingua franca of fashion, music and architecture. Have a taste of la dolce vita during your year abroad and be inspired by an unrivalled global cultural heritage that has shaped history for two millennia. Italy is the birthplace of lyric opera, Renaissance art, neorealist cinema, literary giants from Dante to Ferrante and a transnational diaspora, and studying Italian opens worldwide opportunities from the civil service to the cultural sector.”Top tip Tune in to the podcast Italian Innovators, listen to lessons on LearnAmo (learnamo.com) and watch Sorrentino’s The Great Beauty.Katrin Wehling-Giorgi, professor in Italian studies, Durham University
View the best universities“This subject encapsulates diverse aspects of property and real estate. It can offer you an interesting, varied and rewarding global career. There are huge opportunities to work in the public and private sectors because land and property professionals have a crucial role to play in addressing the challenges we face, from meeting the housing need to improving the performance of urban and rural real estate as we progress towards net zero. It can be complicated — and that makes it brilliant, because you will develop a skill set aligned to finding solutions despite working within often complex legal and economic constraints. Make a difference and enjoy!”Top tip Be curious and engage with current affairs — there’s a land and property dimension to everything.Anthony Goodier, principal lecturer in built environment, Sheffield Hallam University
View the best universities“Studying law at university provides the opportunity to acquire not only a qualifying law degree necessary to pursue some legal careers, but also the intellectual tools to succeed in the modern world. If you want to enter the legal profession, a law degree teaches you the principles applied in legal practice. A law degree will also provide you with a rigorous training in critical thinking, which will prepare you for a number of professions.”Top tip Read widely and be curious about the law and its relationship with other areas of society. Keep up to date with podcasts such as The Law Show.Dr Peter Candy, assistant professor in civil law, University of Cambridge
View the best universities“Studying liberal arts is vital for understanding key questions facing our world. Concerns around climate, technology, conflict and identity require multiple disciplinary perspectives if they are to be solved. To understand the Middle East, for example, requires knowledge of history, politics, geography, religion and languages, to name but a few of the subjects studied on a liberal arts degree. Rather than focusing on a single subject, students specialise — or major — in a certain discipline while also taking courses in other subject areas. This flexible thinking means liberal arts students are well equipped for the complex world that awaits them after graduation.”Top tip Read On Connection by Kae Tempest.Dr George Legg, senior lecturer in liberal arts and London, head of the Department of Interdisciplinary Humanities, King’s College London
View the best universities“Language is what makes us uniquely human: it shapes and forms our identity and connects us to people within our community and around the world. Everyone uses a language, and by studying linguistics you can learn about how all languages are similar or dissimilar, how they are learnt and processed, and how they are used. Linguistics is a frontier science that embodies psychology, sociology, neuroscience, computer science and many others. Studying linguistics will give you the skills to pursue many types of careers. You might even make a discovery about the language(s) that you know.”Top tip Check out Crash Course Linguistics (youtube.com) for entertaining taster lectures.Dr Emma Nguyen, lecturer in child language acquisition, School of English Literature, Language and Linguistics, Newcastle University
View the best universities“Studying subjects that will enable you to delve into materials technology, such as engineering or physics, will put you at the forefront of developing solutions to some of the most complex global challenges. Materials are fundamental to anything that takes a physical form; understanding how to harness their full potential and manipulate them to enhance performance is one of the cornerstones to pushing the boundaries of technology and addressing issues such as climate change, sustainable energy solutions and the future of transportation. With graduate skills in materials technology you could be working on complex projects in space technologies, the future of aerospace advancements or medical applications.”Top tip Keep up to date with advances in materials for the sectors that interest you most. Medical, Formula One, energy production and storage all develop rapidly.Dr Leigh Fleming, head of the Department of Engineering, University of Huddersfield
View the best universities“Studying mathematics gives you a window into a fascinating world of ideas, ranging from exotic and beautiful pure maths through to some of the theory and concrete methods needed to tackle the biggest challenges facing humanity, including climate change and pandemics. Pursuing maths at university level will give you problem-solving and communication skills, critical and creative thinking, and analytical and data wrangling skills — and employers love a mathematician.”Top tip Just explore as much maths as possible! You can find out more in the book Why Study Mathematics? by Vicky Neale, which points to many excellent resources. Professor Julia Gog, Claire Metcalfe and Rachel Thomas, Millennium Mathematics Project (maths.org), University of Cambridge
View the best universities“Mechanical engineering is about understanding the fundamental physics of objects and systems that are often in motion, and then taking that understanding and using it to design new products and technologies, such as cars, aircraft, satellites, robots and so much more. It is one of the most general of the engineering disciplines and you can take your career in a huge and diverse range of directions, including in the automotive industry, biomedicine, energy, acoustics, aerospace and robotics. You can quite literally engineer your future.”Top tip Listen to the Impulse to Innovation podcast (imeche.podbean.com) from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers to find out about the diverse ways mechanical engineering influences our lives.Dr Adrian Nightingale, lecturer in microfluidics and sensor design (mechanical engineering), University of Southampton
View the best universities“The discipline and attributes medicine instils in you lay the foundation for your success as a unique future leader. Medical training equips you to manage change and develops your problem-solving abilities through learning to diagnose, consider and recommend treatment. These transferable analytical skills can be applied to guiding and influencing positive change, providing creative solutions on a far wider scale.”Top tip The medicine community’s dedication is highlighted acutely by the UK universities’ response to the pandemic. Take a look through this report by the Medical Schools Council and consider how you can join the profession. Professor Amir Sam, head of the School of Medicine, Imperial College London
View the best universities“Curious about the world’s major religions or the key languages of Arabic, Hebrew, Persian and Turkish, not to mention the environment, arts, history, music and literature? Then Middle Eastern studies is for you. The Middle East, the cradle of ancient civilisations and birthplace of writing, is pivotal to contemporary global issues, connecting regions and serving as the hub for energy resources. Learning about its dynamism and complexities is crucial to understanding the interaction of politics and social change, global developments, cultural diversity and current affairs. This multidisciplinary field provides a nuanced study of the history, politics, culture and languages of the region. Career opportunities are limitless.”Top tip Read Orientalism by Edward Said and The New Voices of Islam: Rethinking Politics and Modernity — A Reader by Mehran Kamrava. For languages, try persianlanguageonline.com, and listen to the podcasts Essential Middle East (aljazeera.com) and Empire (youtube.com) with William Dalrymple and Anita Anand.Dr Seyed Ali Alavi and Narguess Farzad, School of Languages, Cultures and Linguistics, Soas University of London
View the best universities“There’s a reason we use words like ‘play’ for what musicians do. Music is about inventing and experimenting, creating order from aural chaos to express ourselves and connect with others. Studying music as a performer or creator means learning to be playful in your work every day. It means collaborating, problem-solving, listening — and really hearing. It means fast reactions and dedicated repetition. These are all skills associated with play, but also with the best of leaders. So if you’ve got what it takes to be a musician, you can become a leader in any profession you choose.”Top tip Listen to everything, not only what’s familiar, so that your musical horizons are always expanding. Try this inspiring interview with the brilliant singer-songwriter Angélique Kidjo (bbc.co.uk). Armin Zanner, vice-principal and director of music, Guildhall School of Music & Drama
View the best universities“As scientists we want to explore the universe and everything in it, but the universe isn’t divided into biology, chemistry and physics. Through studying natural sciences we look for the connections between areas of science, allowing us to harness their power to make a difference to people’s lives, to make the world a better place. But studying science is also about beauty: it’s an expression of our common humanity, a celebration of life. Therefore, in the nitty-gritty of revision and exams, my only advice is to try not to lose sight of the wonder of it.”Top tip Listen to the BBC podcasts The Infinite Monkey Cage and The Curious Cases of Rutherford & Fry (bbc.co.uk), and read Bill Bryson’s book A Short History of Nearly Everything.Professor Geoffrey Nash, head of natural sciences, University of Exeter
View the best universities“Nursing is about delivering safe, evidence-based care, which in the 21st century means student nurses will need a diverse range of skills and an ability to solve complex problems on an almost daily basis. Nursing is the largest healthcare workforce in the world, made up of a variety of roles, with opportunities to specialise, develop expertise and innovate. Nurses provide bedside care, but all aspects of nursing are influenced and shaped by global health policies and practice. Understanding the interconnectedness and political influence on health is what makes a curious graduate nurse.”Top tip You don’t need to have care experience to be a student nurse, just transferable skills, such as the ability to convey information, to show courtesy and respect, and a willingness to engage with others and their needs.Susan Ward, head of nursing, School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University
View the best universities“Pharmacology is the study of drugs and how they interact with our bodies. Cancer? Anxiety and depression? Diabetes? Most of us know people affected by one or more of these conditions. There are huge global challenges in pharmacology. Pharmacologists look for answers to viral pandemics, tropical diseases such as malaria and sleeping sickness, and venomous snake bites. Thanks to pharmacologists we can treat many conditions that used to be fatal. There are many more that still need research. Modern topics include pharmacogenomics, which looks at the interaction between our genomes and drug response, and could lead to the personalisation of treatments according to genetic make-up. Other specialisations include pharmacokinetics, neuropharmacology and toxicology. Studying pharmacology will allow you to make a difference in the future.”Top tip Check out pharmacology careers on the British Pharmacological Society website (bps.ac.uk).Dr Andrew Fielding, senior lecturer in cancer research, Lancaster University
View the best universities“Philosophy is the drive and willingness to go deeper. To do philosophy we examine the assumptions that underlie human pursuits such as physics, biology, psychology, theology, politics, art, mathematics and, of course, philosophy itself. And we attempt to characterise and explain some of the most important features of this world, like knowledge, justice, power, meaning, consciousness, beauty, gender, war, care and evil. Philosophy is honest, self-reflective and fresh. Its abstractness and rigour produce the most transferable skills of any university degree. Philosophy students go on to be politicians, lawyers, business people, medical professionals, journalists and, more importantly, good parents, partners, citizens and friends.”Top tip Listen to the great podcasts Philosophy Bites (podcasts.apple.com) and History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps (historyofphilosophy.net). Dr Michael T Stuart, lecturer in philosophy, University of York
View the best universities“Everyone is born a physicist — as babies we explore how things move, how things get hot or cold and periodic day and night. Studying physics and astronomy is the process of understanding and predicting our universe, from the smallest parts of matter to the start and end of time. It is a global pursuit using experiments and theory, along the way developing revolutionary technologies: transistors, the internet, GPS positioning, MRI scanners, fusion energy and quantum computing. Physics and astronomy provides a bedrock understanding of our world, inspiring continual discovery. Graduates apply the skills they learn in the fields of research, policy, engineering, computer science, finance and beyond.”Top tip Find the physics in your own passion and hobbies, from sports to gaming, music to jewellery and AI to climate change.Dr Patrick Parkinson, UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders fellow in physics and astronomy, University of Manchester
View the best universities“A career in physiotherapy will challenge and stimulate you every day. You will work with individuals across the lifespan to achieve their goals and optimise function, from sitting up for the first time in critical care to rehabilitation after a sporting injury. Physiotherapists have the privilege of really getting to know the people we work with, understanding what matters to them to achieve the best outcome.”Top tip Shadow physiotherapists to appreciate the breadth of the profession and help you to recognise the attributes needed, such as communication skills and empathetic listening. Lindsay O’Connor, senior teaching fellow in neurological physiotherapy, University of Southampton
View the best universities“There is no one way to study politics at university. You might have the chance to explore the inner workings of government, or ask why states come into conflict, or debate which rights should be considered universal. Whatever you decide to focus on, you’ll confront some of the biggest challenges facing contemporary society and develop a set of skills, including critical thought, data analysis and self-expression, that can be applied to a wide range of career paths, such as in journalism, public service or the world of business.”Top tip To get the most out of studying politics you need to find out what it is you really care about. Read about what is going on in the world, form opinions and be prepared to be challenged.Dr Rod Dacombe, reader in politics, department of political economy, King’s College London
View the best universities“Psychology students use the scientific method to study human behaviour in order to better understand our minds and brains. Psychologists ask fundamental questions about consciousness, memory, language and other aspects of people that are not yet fully understood. They address mental health issues that pervade society, from day-to-day wellbeing to treatment of clinical disorders. They use their knowledge of how to change human behaviour to respond to global challenges such as climate change, pandemic disease and artificial intelligence. Whether you want to predict, measure or understand people, or just make them feel better, psychology is where to start.”Top tip Pick a book that sparks your interest, be it about psychology, genetics, the history of science, or AI. Read deeply, read widely, but question everything you read. Professor Peter Fonagy, head of the Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, UCL
View the best universities“Radiography has two disciplines: diagnostic and therapeutic. Diagnostics uses a range of imaging modalities to diagnose illness and disease. Therapeutic uses methods like ionising radiation to treat mainly cancer. New technology is continuously emerging, providing new ways to diagnose and treat illness and disease. AI technology is already impacting the field, and increasing its use will allow radiographers to put person-centred care at the forefront of their practice. If you are considering a dynamic career that combines cutting-edge technology with caring for others, radiography is for you.”Top tip Check out the Society of Radiographers website (sor.org), which has more information and excellent resources.Dr Jane Harvey-Lloyd, associate professor in diagnostic radiography, School of Medicine, University of Leeds
View the best universities“Russia is a major diplomatic, economic and military power demanding a central role on the international stage. The country’s devastating war against Ukraine has shown the extent of its will to strengthen its geopolitical position in the world. In this context, specialists familiar with Russia’s language, politics, history and culture, who are able to provide context and interpret its actions, are more needed than ever. Studying Russian opens up a world of amazing cultural diversity with a dramatic past. Russian society and culture shares much with the rest of Europe, but at the same time seems fundamentally different. Study Russian to tease out why.”Top tip Whet your appetite with Mark Galeotti’s A Short History of Russia, or watch the BBC series Russia 1985-1999: TraumaZone (bbc.co.uk) for an insight into the conditions that shaped Putin’s Russia.Dr Ruth Coates, associate professor in Russian religious thought, Department of Russian, University of Bristol
View the best universities“Social policy is at heart the study of human wellbeing. How effectively do societies ensure that everyone has what they need to lead a good life? How could we do better? Education, health, housing, employment, poverty and inequality are all core subjects for social policy students. We also think about the new challenges posed by migration, an ageing population and the climate crisis. Perhaps you’ve studied economics, politics or sociology at A-level and are most interested in the aspects of these disciplines that are about making a practical difference to people’s lives. If so, social policy might be just what you are looking for.”Top tip Listen to the Transforming Society podcast from Policy Press (transformingsociety.co.uk) or Analysis on BBC Radio 4 (bbc.co.uk).Kitty Stewart, professor of social policy, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
View the best universities“Social work is ‘a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion and the empowerment and liberation of people’ (International Federation of Social Workers, 2014). A career in social work will make a positive difference in the lives of children, young people, adults and older people. You will promote social justice in health and social care settings, and in education, criminal justice and the voluntary sector. You will be supported in practice and with continuous personal and professional development opportunities throughout your career.”Top tip Check out how social workers are making a difference in people’s lives on the Northern Ireland Social Care Council website (niscc.info).Professor Anne Campbell, programme director of the master’s in substance use and substance use disorders, School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen’s University Belfast
View the best universities“Sociology encourages a profound and creative examination of the world. It trains you to question assumptions that are taken for granted, delve beneath the surface and think critically about how society is organised and how we experience our lives. In particular it enables an exploration of the multiple forms of power and inequality that shape the world today, and how they affect the lives of all of us. By joining together the cultural, political and economic dimensions of social life, sociology gives you the tools you need to understand the key events of our time and the social forces that shape your own life.”Top tip Cultivate your sociological imagination and unpick the culture wars with Jon Ronson’s BBC podcast series Things Fell Apart (bbc.co.uk). Professor Sam Friedman, associate professor of sociology, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
View the best universities“Sports science is a unique discipline of the sciences, where you can truly connect your learning to the real world beyond the classroom, whether that’s with an elite sports performer or a family member who wants to be more physically active. This real-world context provides an exciting framework to explore scientific disciplines such as human physiology, biomechanics and psychology, knowledge of which you may have the opportunity to apply during a professional work placement. Career prospects are vast and varied and you may find yourself pursuing a career as an elite sport practitioner, exercise rehabilitation specialist or academic researcher.”Top tip Take a more critical eye when watching sport — try to break down the characteristics required for successful performance.Dr Adam Brazil, lecturer in sports biomechanics, University of Bath
View the best universities“Are you fascinated by the human body? A problem solver? A good communicator with a desire to change people’s lives? Allied health professionals are problem solvers, working together to improve and support their patients’ enjoyment and quality of life. From your initial training onwards you’ll work in multidisciplinary teams delivering treatment plans and solutions that are as creative and unique as each of us. From clinical to policy, strategic to education, allied health provides diversification opportunities throughout your career. A purpose-driven career, regulated by professional bodies, that can flex and adapt as your life changes is endlessly rewarding.”Top tip Read One Unknown: A Powerful Account of Survival and One Woman’s Inspirational Journey to a New Life by Gill Hicks.Dr Rachael Cubberley, head of the School of Allied Health and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University
View the best universities“Religious belief has been fundamental to humanity for thousands of years and remains of basic importance in the modern world. The study of theology and religious studies gives you the historical, critical and analytic tools to understand its place and role and to address some of the most profound questions of human existence. The subject draws on methods from history, philosophy, anthropology and other disciplines, providing a broad and deep engagement with approaches from across the arts and humanities. It helps to develop skills in writing, testing evidence, argument and working with complex concepts, which are valuable throughout life and across professional and academic domains.”Top tip It isn’t necessary to be a religious believer, nor are you usually required to have studied theology or religious studies at A-level, but it helps if you have experience of essay-writing subjects in which balancing arguments and analysis of texts are important.Dr Alastair Lockhart, member of the Faculty of Divinity, University of Cambridge, and visiting senior research fellow in theology and religious studies, King’s College London
View the best universities“If you’re interested in sustainability, cities and making the world a better place, town and country planning could be the degree for you. Good planning is vital for tackling many of the 21st century’s biggest challenges, from climate change and nature depletion to housing, health and inequality. A professionally accredited planning degree will push you beyond understanding the big issues to asking what can be done about them, opening up a range of exciting future careers. And one of the best things about studying planning is that you can learn by visiting interesting places and thinking about the ways they’re changing.”Top tip Get out and about and consider what makes places work. If you don’t want to leave the house, try the City Beautiful YouTube channel (youtube.com) — it’s North American in focus but covers a lot in an engaging way.Dr Andy Inch, senior lecturer at the School of Geography and Planning, University of Sheffield
View the best universities“Our relationship with animals has been critical to humanity since the beginning of civilisation. We rely on animals for so much in our lives, from food and clothing to companionship and help in our daily work. The study of animal science is a broad discipline and is fundamental to agriculture, veterinary medicine, wildlife ecology, ecology and a host of other disciplines. All depend on a fundamental understanding of animal biology and its application across one or more of a wide range of subjects, such as animal behaviour, biochemistry, genetics, nutrition, physiology, aquatic or avian sciences, companion and wild animals, laboratory animals, and studies of domesticated farm animals. A qualification in animal science can lead to career paths in areas such as production agriculture, or can be a foundation for postgraduate research or veterinary training.”Top tip Get as many diverse experiences in animal science as you can. It is a rich field, and exposure will help both your ability to choose an area and your application.Professor Paul Lunn, dean of the School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool
See the full league table and a guide to all of the university profiles detailing everything from their academic reputation to campus facilities, wellbeing support, and scholarships and bursaries at The Sunday Times Good University Guide
Students can access quality journalism from The Times and Sunday Times for just £9.99. Offer is for verified students and new customers only. Visit thetimes.com/student to subscribe and for full terms & conditions